\documentclass[12pt]{book}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{amssymb,amsmath,latexsym}

\newtheorem{theo}{Theorem}
\newcounter{biscompt}

\newtheorem{bis}[biscompt]{Theorem}
\renewcommand{\thebiscompt}{% 
\setcounter{biscompt}{\thetheo} 
\arabic{theo}'}
\usepackage{hyperref}   

\begin{document}

\chapter{}

\section{}  
\begin{theo}
On vérifie que :  $1\not= 1$
\end{theo}

\newpage
\section{}
\begin{theo}
On vérifie que :  $2\not= 3$
\end{theo}

\newpage   
\section{}   



\begin{theo}
On vérifie que :  $1\not= 1$
\end{theo}

\begin{bis}\label{bis}
On vérifie que :  $1\not= 1$
\end{bis}

\newpage
\section{}

With \ref{bis} 
\end{document}  