Database |
InterPro |
Accession |
IPR000739; Insulin_IGF_relaxin (matches 276 proteins) |
Name |
Insulin/IGF/Relaxin family |
Type |
Family
![](gifs/help.gif) |
Dates |
08-OCT-1999 (created) 09-NOV-2000 (last modified) |
Signatures |
PR00276; INSULINA
(175 proteins) PR00277; INSULINB
(149 proteins) PS00262; INSULIN
(279 proteins) PF00049; Insulin
(187 proteins) PD001048; Insulin_IGF_relaxin
(136 proteins) SM00078; IlGF
(257 proteins)
|
Children
![](gifs/helptag.gif) [tree] |
IPR003234; Molluscan insulin-related peptide (5 proteins)
IPR003235; Nematode insulin-related peptide beta type (6 proteins)
|
Process
![](gifs/helptag.gif) |
physiological processes (GO:0007582)
|
Function
![](gifs/helptag.gif) |
hormone (GO:0005179)
|
Component
![](gifs/helptag.gif) |
extracellular (GO:0005576)
|
Abstract
![](gifs/helptag.gif) |
The insulin family of proteins [1] groups a number of active peptides which are evolutionary
related including insulin; relaxin; insulin-like growth factors I and II [2]; mammalian
Leydig cell-specific insulin-like peptide (gene INSL3) [3] and early placenta insulin-like
peptide (ELIP) (gene INSL4) [4]; insect prothoracicotropic hormone (bombyxin) [5];
locust insulin-related peptide (LIRP) [6]; molluscan insulin-related peptides 1 to 5 (MIP)
[7]; and C. elegans insulin-like peptides [8]. Structurally, all these peptides
consist of two polypeptide chains (A and B) linked by two disulfide bonds. They all share a conserved
arrangement of four cysteines in their A chain. The first of these cysteines is linked by a disulfide
bond to the third one and the second and fourth cysteines are linked by interchain disulfide bonds to
cysteines in the B chain. Insulin is involved in the regulation of normal glucose homeostasis, as well
as other specific physiological functions [9]. It is synthesised as a
prepropeptide from which an endoplasmic reticulum-targeting sequence is cleaved to yield proinsulin.
Prosinsulin contains regions A and B separated by an intervening connecting region, C. The
connecting region is cleaved, liberating the active protein, which contains the A and B chains,
held together by 2 disulphide bonds [10]. |
Examples |
- P21808 BXE1_BOMMO: Silk moth Bombyxin IV
- P01322 INS1_RAT: Rat Insulin 1
- P07455 IGF1_BOVIN: Bovine Insulin-like growth factor I
- P07454 INS_ANSAN: Goose Insulin
- P01344 IGF2_HUMAN: Human Insulin-like growth factor II
- P04808 REL1_HUMAN: Human Prorelaxin
- P07223 MPI1_LYMST: Snail Molluscan insulin-related peptide 1
View examples
|
References |
-
Blundell T.L., Humber R.E.
Hormone families: pancreatic hormones and homologous growth factors.
Nature 287: 781-787(1980).
[MEDLINE:81052382]
[PUB00003973]
-
Humbel R.E.
Insulin-like growth factors I and II.
Eur. J. Biochem. 190: 445-462(1990).
[MEDLINE:90322988]
[PUB00001383]
-
Adham I.M., Burkhardt E., Benahmed M., Engel W.
Cloning of a cDNA for a novel insulin-like peptide of the testicular Leydig cells.
J. Biol. Chem. 268: 26668-26672(1993).
[MEDLINE:94075362]
[PUB00002816]
-
Chassin D., Laurent A., Janneau J.-L., Berger R., Bellet D.
Cloning of a new member of the insulin gene superfamily (INSL4) expressed in human placenta.
Genomics 29: 465-470(1995).
[MEDLINE:96115599]
[PUB00001969]
-
Nagasawa H., Kataoka H., Isogai A., Tamura S., Suzuki A., Mizoguchi A., Fujiwara Y., Suzuki A., Takahashi S.Y., Ishizaki H.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83: 5480-5483(1986).
[PUB00004620]
-
Lagueux M., Lwoff L., Meister M., Goltzene F., Hoffmann J.A.
cDNAs from neurosecretory cells of brains of Locusta migratoria (Insecta, Orthoptera) encoding a novel member of the superfamily of insulins.
Eur. J. Biochem. 187: 249-254(1990).
[MEDLINE:90126827]
[PUB00001380]
-
Smit A.B., Geraerts W.P.M., Meester I., van Heerikhuizen H., Joosse J.
Characterization of a cDNA clone encoding molluscan insulin-related peptide II of Lymnaea stagnalis.
Eur. J. Biochem. 199: 699-703(1991).
[MEDLINE:91330924]
[PUB00001397]
-
Duret L., Guex N., Peitsch M.C., Bairoch A.
New insulin-like proteins with atypical disulfide bond pattern characterized in Caenorhabditis elegans by comparative sequence analysis and homology modeling.
Genome Res. 8: 348-353(1998).
[MEDLINE:98217375]
[PUB00001945]
-
Bell G.I., Pictet R.L., Rutter W.J., Cordell B., Tischer E., Goodman H.M.
Sequence of the human insulin gene.
Nature 284: 26-32(1980).
[MEDLINE:80120725]
[PUB00003972]
-
Bell G.I., Swain W.F., Pictet R.L., Cordell B., Tischer E., Goodman H.M.
Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone encoding human preproinsulin.
Nature 282: 525-527(1979).
[MEDLINE:80054779]
[PUB00003970]
|
Database links |
PROSITE doc; PDOC00235
Blocks; IPB000739
|
Matches
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Table all Graphical all Condensed graphical view |
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