InterPro Entry IPR000739

Insulin/IGF/Relaxin family

Database InterPro
Accession IPR000739; Insulin_IGF_relaxin (matches 276 proteins)
Name Insulin/IGF/Relaxin family
Type Family
Dates 08-OCT-1999 (created)
09-NOV-2000 (last modified)
Signatures PR00276; INSULINA (175 proteins)
PR00277; INSULINB (149 proteins)
PS00262; INSULIN (279 proteins)
PF00049; Insulin (187 proteins)
PD001048; Insulin_IGF_relaxin (136 proteins)
SM00078; IlGF (257 proteins)
Children
[tree]		 IPR003234; Molluscan insulin-related peptide (5 proteins)
IPR003235; Nematode insulin-related peptide beta type (6 proteins)
Process physiological processes (GO:0007582)
Function hormone (GO:0005179)
Component extracellular (GO:0005576)
Abstract The insulin family of proteins [1] groups a number of active peptides which are evolutionary related including insulin; relaxin; insulin-like growth factors I and II [2]; mammalian Leydig cell-specific insulin-like peptide (gene INSL3) [3] and early placenta insulin-like peptide (ELIP) (gene INSL4) [4]; insect prothoracicotropic hormone (bombyxin) [5]; locust insulin-related peptide (LIRP) [6]; molluscan insulin-related peptides 1 to 5 (MIP) [7]; and C. elegans insulin-like peptides [8]. Structurally, all these peptides consist of two polypeptide chains (A and B) linked by two disulfide bonds. They all share a conserved arrangement of four cysteines in their A chain. The first of these cysteines is linked by a disulfide bond to the third one and the second and fourth cysteines are linked by interchain disulfide bonds to cysteines in the B chain. Insulin is involved in the regulation of normal glucose homeostasis, as well as other specific physiological functions [9]. It is synthesised as a prepropeptide from which an endoplasmic reticulum-targeting sequence is cleaved to yield proinsulin. Prosinsulin contains regions A and B separated by an intervening connecting region, C. The connecting region is cleaved, liberating the active protein, which contains the A and B chains, held together by 2 disulphide bonds [10].
Examples
  • P21808 BXE1_BOMMO: Silk moth Bombyxin IV
  • P01322 INS1_RAT: Rat Insulin 1
  • P07455 IGF1_BOVIN: Bovine Insulin-like growth factor I
  • P07454 INS_ANSAN: Goose Insulin
  • P01344 IGF2_HUMAN: Human Insulin-like growth factor II
  • P04808 REL1_HUMAN: Human Prorelaxin
  • P07223 MPI1_LYMST: Snail Molluscan insulin-related peptide 1

    • View examples
References
  1. Blundell T.L., Humber R.E.
    Hormone families: pancreatic hormones and homologous growth factors.
    Nature 287: 781-787(1980).     [MEDLINE:81052382] [PUB00003973]
  2. Humbel R.E.
    Insulin-like growth factors I and II.
    Eur. J. Biochem. 190: 445-462(1990).     [MEDLINE:90322988] [PUB00001383]
  3. Adham I.M., Burkhardt E., Benahmed M., Engel W.
    Cloning of a cDNA for a novel insulin-like peptide of the testicular Leydig cells.
    J. Biol. Chem. 268: 26668-26672(1993).     [MEDLINE:94075362] [PUB00002816]
  4. Chassin D., Laurent A., Janneau J.-L., Berger R., Bellet D.
    Cloning of a new member of the insulin gene superfamily (INSL4) expressed in human placenta.
    Genomics 29: 465-470(1995).     [MEDLINE:96115599] [PUB00001969]
  5. Nagasawa H., Kataoka H., Isogai A., Tamura S., Suzuki A., Mizoguchi A., Fujiwara Y., Suzuki A., Takahashi S.Y., Ishizaki H.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83: 5480-5483(1986). [PUB00004620]
  6. Lagueux M., Lwoff L., Meister M., Goltzene F., Hoffmann J.A.
    cDNAs from neurosecretory cells of brains of Locusta migratoria (Insecta, Orthoptera) encoding a novel member of the superfamily of insulins.
    Eur. J. Biochem. 187: 249-254(1990).     [MEDLINE:90126827] [PUB00001380]
  7. Smit A.B., Geraerts W.P.M., Meester I., van Heerikhuizen H., Joosse J.
    Characterization of a cDNA clone encoding molluscan insulin-related peptide II of Lymnaea stagnalis.
    Eur. J. Biochem. 199: 699-703(1991).     [MEDLINE:91330924] [PUB00001397]
  8. Duret L., Guex N., Peitsch M.C., Bairoch A.
    New insulin-like proteins with atypical disulfide bond pattern characterized in Caenorhabditis elegans by comparative sequence analysis and homology modeling.
    Genome Res. 8: 348-353(1998).     [MEDLINE:98217375] [PUB00001945]
  9. Bell G.I., Pictet R.L., Rutter W.J., Cordell B., Tischer E., Goodman H.M.
    Sequence of the human insulin gene.
    Nature 284: 26-32(1980).     [MEDLINE:80120725] [PUB00003972]
  10. Bell G.I., Swain W.F., Pictet R.L., Cordell B., Tischer E., Goodman H.M.
    Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone encoding human preproinsulin.
    Nature 282: 525-527(1979).     [MEDLINE:80054779] [PUB00003970]
Database links PROSITE doc; PDOC00235
Blocks; IPB000739
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