Implementation of optimistic optimization methods for global optimization of deterministic or stochastic functions. The algorithms feature guarantees of the convergence to a global optimum. They require minimal assumptions on the (only local) smoothness, where the smoothness parameter does not need to be known. They are expected to be useful for the most difficult functions when we have no information on smoothness and the gradients are unknown or do not exist. Due to the weak assumptions, however, they can be mostly effective only in small dimensions, for example, for hyperparameter tuning.

Estimates out-of-sample R² through bootstrap or cross-validation as a measure of predictive performance. In addition, a standard error for this point estimate is provided, and confidence intervals are constructed.

Implements the out-of-treatment testing from Kuelpmann and Kuzmics (2020) <doi:10.2139/ssrn.3441675> based on the Vuong Test introduced in Vuong (1989) <doi:10.2307/1912557>. 
    Out-of treatment testing allows for a direct, pairwise likelihood comparison of theories, calibrated with pre-existing data.

Quantifies hypothesis to data fit for repeated measures 
    and longitudinal data, as described by Thorngate (1987) 
    <doi:10.1016/S0166-4115(08)60083-7> and Grice et al., (2015) 
    <doi:10.1177/2158244015604192>. Hypothesis and data are encoded as
    pairwise relative orderings which are then compared to determine the
    percentage of orderings in the data that are matched by the hypothesis.

Data integration Web application for biobanks by 'OBiBa'. 'Opal' is
    the core database application for biobanks. Participant data, once
    collected from any data source, must be integrated and stored in a central
    data repository under a uniform model. 'Opal' is such a central repository.
    It can import, process, validate, query, analyze, report, and export data.
    'Opal' is typically used in a research center to analyze the data acquired at
    assessment centres. Its ultimate purpose is to achieve seamless
    data-sharing among biobanks. This 'Opal' client allows to interact with 'Opal'
    web services and to perform operations on the R server side. 'DataSHIELD'
    administration tools are also provided.